Posts by Jerry Sheehan

Experts say IPv4 addresses might run out sooner than expected. This is where NAT vs PAT can help a lot for connected networks. NAT and PAT stand for Network Address Translation and Port Address Translation. Nat pat lets many private IPs share one public IP. But, pat vs nat can confuse new learners. Some ask,…

Did you know over 80% of global online traffic uses TCP? It ensures content is delivered smoothly, like when you stream shows on Netflix. Without it, your online experience could be very different. TCP congestion control prevents data overload by adjusting a window. This keeps data flowing smoothly, even when servers are busy. It’s key…

Did you know over half of global enterprises use Internet-based voice calling for daily work? This shows how IP protocols like H.323 and SIP are changing our communication. H.323 vs SIP highlights the move from old standards to new online systems. H.323 started in the mid-1990s through the ITU-T. SIP began under IETF rules. Both…

Did you know that nearly 60% of major carriers across the globe depend on mpls bgp to flow massive volumes of data every day? This approach blends service and transport planes into one streamlined environment. It spans both large-scale backbones and smaller setups. bgp mpls links each network segment with an end-to-end label-switched path. It…

Did you know one loop can stop a LAN unless it has a stable spanning tree? This shows why spanning-tree mode pvst is key in today’s networks. Spanning tree mode pvst uses a separate Spanning Tree for each VLAN. This adds control and balances traffic better than older modes. It also cuts down on broadcast…

Nearly 80% of data center managers say good IP organization stops costly outages. This shows how important subnetting vs supernetting is for stable networks today. Subnetting divides big ranges into smaller parts. Supernetting combines many networks into one big pool. Both make routing easier and improve efficiency. This guide explains how each works and helps…

Experts say nearly 70% of network hacks start with poor segmentation. This shows why proper VRF configuration is key on Cisco devices. Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) lets you create multiple routing tables on one router. It improves security, controls traffic better, and grows easily. This guide will walk you through setting up VRF for…

Network outages can cost businesses thousands of dollars every minute. This is why protocols like vrrp vs hsrp are so important. They help keep traffic flowing by having a backup ready. vrrp vs hsrp both use a virtual IP address for a group of routers. This allows for a smooth switch if the main router…